Computer basic knowledge
COMPUTER
INTRODUCTION :-
The computer is one of the most powerful tools,which is designed by men to solve the various problems that involved computing and processing the data.
FULL FORM OF COMPUTER :-
C. - Calculating
O. - Oriented
M. - Machine
P. - Purposely
U. - Utilized
T. - Technical
E. - Education
R. - Research
DEFINITION OF COMPUTER :-
C. - Calculating
O. - Oriented
M. - Machine
P. - Purposely
U. - Utilized
T. - Technical
E. - Education
R. - Research
DEFINITION OF COMPUTER :-
The computer is an electronic device which has capacity of accepting the user's information and problem,and applying some prescribed process to this information and supplying the required result of this process.The computer is an electronic device which takes all the data as "INPUT" process it and produces the required "OUTPUT".
Generally the computer is an electronic machine, which performs all the arithmetic as well as logical operations.It can store large volume of data and make use it.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER :-
The computer history has started from the development of a device called the"ABCUS" by the Chinese people around 300 B.C. This was used for the systematic calculation of arithmetic operations. Although there were a number of improvements over the Calculating device no conceptual change were made until the end of 18th century. During the first decade of the 19th century "JACQARD" invented an automated loom operated by a mechanism called "PUNCHED CARDS". During the same period "Charles Babbage" developed his differential and analytical engines. This device had provision for printing output results. So Charles Babbage called the father of computer,
At the end of the 19th century Herman Hollerith and James Power designed a data processing machine for processing census information. In 1940 the first electronic machine known as "ENIAC" (Electronic Numerical Integrate Computer) was introduced. During the period 1946-55, John Von Neumann and his team developed a high speed digital computer using Vacuum Tubes.
GENERATION OF COMPUTER :-
In 1950 computer is started appearing in quick, succession each claiming an improvement over the other? They represented improvement in speed memory (Storage) system, input and output device and programming techniques. They also showed a continuous reduction in physical size and cost. Computer developed after ENIAC have been classified into the following generation.
1st Generation :- 1946-55
2nd Generation :- 1956-65
3rd Generation :- 1966-75
4th Generation :- 1976-85
5th Generation :- 1986-95
6th Generation :- 1996 to at the present stage
1st Generation computer :-
The first generation computers are those in which Vacuum Tube were used. Magnetic tape drive and magnetic core memories were developed during this period. All the first generation computers possessed the following characteristics.
The second generation computers were marked by the use of a solid state device called the Transistor in the place of Vacuum Tubes. All these computer were much faster and more reliable occupied less space, required less power and produced much less heat.
3rd Generation Computer :-
During the 3rd generation of computer, research in the field of electronic technology IC Chips (Integrated Circuits) was introduced. The use of IC Chips in the place of transistor gave birth to the third generation of computer. They were more compact, faster and less expensive than the previous generation of computer.
In this generation of computer, newer and faster equipment's were introduced for handling storage, input and output.
4th Generation Computer :-
Continuous efforts towards led to the development of large scale integration (LSI) technology Intel corporation introduced LSI chips called micro processor for building the computer. The latest child of the computer family user's LSI chips has named the fourth generation of computer.
5th Generation Computer :-
In this generation Japan and many other countries are working on systems what are know as expert system which will considerably develop the man machine interaction.
6th Generation Computer :-
Rapidly research in the field of electronics, powerful, high processing speed,large storage capacity computer like pentium, Celeron and Note book, PC (Personal Computer) were introduced. This can be possible to solve the various types of complicated problems in complicated. This can be possible to solve the various types of complicated problems in complicated situation. Now use can able to move with computer like a PA (Personal Assistance).
TYPES OF COMPUTER :-
DIGITAL COMPUTER :-
HISTORY OF COMPUTER :-
The computer history has started from the development of a device called the"ABCUS" by the Chinese people around 300 B.C. This was used for the systematic calculation of arithmetic operations. Although there were a number of improvements over the Calculating device no conceptual change were made until the end of 18th century. During the first decade of the 19th century "JACQARD" invented an automated loom operated by a mechanism called "PUNCHED CARDS". During the same period "Charles Babbage" developed his differential and analytical engines. This device had provision for printing output results. So Charles Babbage called the father of computer,
At the end of the 19th century Herman Hollerith and James Power designed a data processing machine for processing census information. In 1940 the first electronic machine known as "ENIAC" (Electronic Numerical Integrate Computer) was introduced. During the period 1946-55, John Von Neumann and his team developed a high speed digital computer using Vacuum Tubes.
GENERATION OF COMPUTER :-
In 1950 computer is started appearing in quick, succession each claiming an improvement over the other? They represented improvement in speed memory (Storage) system, input and output device and programming techniques. They also showed a continuous reduction in physical size and cost. Computer developed after ENIAC have been classified into the following generation.
1st Generation :- 1946-55
2nd Generation :- 1956-65
3rd Generation :- 1966-75
4th Generation :- 1976-85
5th Generation :- 1986-95
6th Generation :- 1996 to at the present stage
1st Generation computer :-
The first generation computers are those in which Vacuum Tube were used. Magnetic tape drive and magnetic core memories were developed during this period. All the first generation computers possessed the following characteristics.
- Large in size.
- Slow operating speed.
- Restricted computing capacity.
- Limited programming capacity.
- Short life span.
- Complex maintenance schedule.
The second generation computers were marked by the use of a solid state device called the Transistor in the place of Vacuum Tubes. All these computer were much faster and more reliable occupied less space, required less power and produced much less heat.
3rd Generation Computer :-
During the 3rd generation of computer, research in the field of electronic technology IC Chips (Integrated Circuits) was introduced. The use of IC Chips in the place of transistor gave birth to the third generation of computer. They were more compact, faster and less expensive than the previous generation of computer.
In this generation of computer, newer and faster equipment's were introduced for handling storage, input and output.
4th Generation Computer :-
Continuous efforts towards led to the development of large scale integration (LSI) technology Intel corporation introduced LSI chips called micro processor for building the computer. The latest child of the computer family user's LSI chips has named the fourth generation of computer.
5th Generation Computer :-
In this generation Japan and many other countries are working on systems what are know as expert system which will considerably develop the man machine interaction.
6th Generation Computer :-
Rapidly research in the field of electronics, powerful, high processing speed,large storage capacity computer like pentium, Celeron and Note book, PC (Personal Computer) were introduced. This can be possible to solve the various types of complicated problems in complicated. This can be possible to solve the various types of complicated problems in complicated situation. Now use can able to move with computer like a PA (Personal Assistance).
TYPES OF COMPUTER :-
- Digital Computer.
- Analog Computer.
- Hybrid Computer.
DIGITAL COMPUTER :-
Digital computer's are operates essentially by counting. It is also called as a counting device. All quantities are expressed as digit or number's. This computer is useful for evaluating arithmetic expressions and manipulations of data (such as preparation of bills, accounts and solution of simultaneous equations).
Analog computers are operating by measuring rather than by counting. It do not computer directly with numbers. Rather they deal with the variables. These type of computers are specially use for measuring temperatures and voltages. The name which drives from the Greek word analog denotes that computer function by establishing similarities between two quantities.
HYBRID COMPUTER :-
Computers which combine features of both analog and digital called hybrid computer. Majority of the computers are used in the world today are digital computers.
DIGITAL COMPUTER CLASSIFICATION :-
Computers are also available in different sizes with different capability this category are given below.......
- Micro Computer
- Mini Computer
- Main frame Computer
- Super Computer
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